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Java Break Statement
Understanding Break:
The break statement in Java is used to terminate a loop or switch statement prematurely. It allows the program to exit the loop or switch block when a certain condition is met.
Use Case:
In a loop, if a specific condition is satisfied, and you want to exit the loop immediately, you use the break statement.
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i == 5) {
break;
}
System.out.println(i);
}
Explanation:
In this example, the loop will print numbers from 0 to 4. When i becomes 5, the break statement will execute, terminating the loop.
Console Output:
0 1 2 3 4
Java Continue Statement
Understanding Continue:
The continue statement in Java is used to skip the current iteration of a loop and proceed to the next iteration. It can be particularly useful when you want to skip over certain values in a loop.
Use Case:
In a loop, if you want to skip the execution for a particular condition but continue with the next iterations, you use the continue statement.
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i % 2 == 0) {
continue;
}
System.out.println(i);
}
Explanation:
In this example, the loop will print odd numbers between 0 and 9. When i is even, the continue statement skips the remaining code inside the loop for that iteration.
Console Output:
1 3 5 7 9
Nested Loops with Break
Using Break in Nested Loops:
When dealing with nested loops, the break statement only exits the loop in which it is placed. To exit multiple loops, additional logic is required.
Use Case:
Break is useful in nested loops when you want to exit from the innermost loop based on a condition.
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
if (i == j) {
break;
}
System.out.println("i: " + i + ", j: " + j);
}
}
Explanation:
In this example, the inner loop breaks whenever i equals j, so it only prints pairs where i is not equal to j.
Console Output:
i: 0, j: 1 i: 0, j: 2 i: 1, j: 0 i: 2, j: 0 i: 2, j: 1
Using Continue in Nested Loops
Continue in Nested Loops:
The continue statement in nested loops will only skip the current iteration of the innermost loop where it is placed.
Use Case:
Continue is useful when you want to skip certain iterations of an inner loop but continue executing the outer loop.
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
if (i == j) {
continue;
}
System.out.println("i: " + i + ", j: " + j);
}
}
Explanation:
In this example, the inner loop skips printing when i equals j, so it only prints pairs where i is not equal to j.
Console Output:
i: 0, j: 1 i: 0, j: 2 i: 1, j: 0 i: 1, j: 2 i: 2, j: 0 i: 2, j: 1
Break with Labels
Understanding Break with Labels:
The break statement can be used with labels to terminate outer loops. This is useful when you want to exit multiple nested loops at once.
Use Case:
Labels are particularly useful when you want to break out of a loop that is not the innermost one.
outerLoop:
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
if (i + j == 3) {
break outerLoop;
}
System.out.println("i: " + i + ", j: " + j);
}
}
Explanation:
In this example, the label 'outerLoop' allows the break statement to exit both loops when i + j equals 3.
Console Output:
i: 0, j: 0 i: 0, j: 1 i: 0, j: 2 i: 1, j: 0 i: 1, j: 1
Continue with Labels
Understanding Continue with Labels:
The continue statement can also be used with labels to skip iterations of outer loops. This is useful for skipping the rest of the current iteration of a labeled loop.
Use Case:
Labels with continue are useful when you want to skip the current iteration of an outer loop.
outerLoop:
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
if (i == j) {
continue outerLoop;
}
System.out.println("i: " + i + ", j: " + j);
}
}
Explanation:
In this example, the label 'outerLoop' allows the continue statement to skip to the next iteration of the outer loop when i equals j.
Console Output:
i: 0, j: 1 i: 0, j: 2 i: 1, j: 0 i: 2, j: 0 i: 2, j: 1
Break in Switch Statements
Using Break in Switch:
The break statement is used in switch statements to terminate a case and prevent fall-through to subsequent cases.
Use Case:
In switch statements, break is crucial to ensure that only the matched case is executed.
int day = 2;
switch (day) {
case 1:
System.out.println("Monday");
break;
case 2:
System.out.println("Tuesday");
break;
case 3:
System.out.println("Wednesday");
break;
default:
System.out.println("Invalid day");
}
Explanation:
In this example, when day is 2, the program prints "Tuesday" and exits the switch block due to the break statement.
Console Output:
Tuesday
Continue in For-Each Loop
Using Continue in For-Each:
The continue statement can be used in for-each loops to skip the current iteration and move to the next element.
Use Case:
In for-each loops, continue is useful when you want to skip processing certain elements.
int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
for (int num : numbers) {
if (num % 2 == 0) {
continue;
}
System.out.println(num);
}
Explanation:
In this example, the loop prints only the odd numbers in the array, skipping the even numbers due to the continue statement.
Console Output:
1 3 5
Break in While Loop
Using Break in While Loop:
The break statement can be used in while loops to exit the loop when a specific condition is met.
Use Case:
Break in while loops is useful to stop the loop based on dynamic conditions.
int i = 0;
while (i < 10) {
if (i == 5) {
break;
}
System.out.println(i);
i++;
}
Explanation:
In this example, the loop prints numbers from 0 to 4. When i becomes 5, the break statement terminates the loop.
Console Output:
0 1 2 3 4
