WikiGalaxy
PHP Operators
Arithmetic Operators
Addition (+)
Adds two operands. For example, $a + $b results in the sum of $a and $b.
Subtraction (-)
Subtracts the second operand from the first. For example, $a - $b results in the difference between $a and $b.
Multiplication (*)
Multiplies two operands. For example, $a * $b results in the product of $a and $b.
Division (/)
Divides the first operand by the second. For example, $a / $b results in the quotient of $a divided by $b.
Modulus (%)
Returns the remainder of the division of the first operand by the second. For example, $a % $b results in the remainder of $a divided by $b.
Exponentiation (**)
Raises the first operand to the power of the second operand. For example, $a ** $b results in $a raised to the power of $b.
<?php
$a = 10;
$b = 2;
echo $a + $b; // Outputs: 12
echo $a - $b; // Outputs: 8
echo $a * $b; // Outputs: 20
echo $a / $b; // Outputs: 5
echo $a % $b; // Outputs: 0
echo $a ** $b; // Outputs: 100
?>
Console Output:
12
8
20
5
0
100
Assignment Operators
Basic Assignment (=)
Assigns the right operand to the left operand. For example, $a = $b assigns the value of $b to $a.
Add and Assign (+=)
Adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. For example, $a += $b is equivalent to $a = $a + $b.
Subtract and Assign (-=)
Subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. For example, $a -= $b is equivalent to $a = $a - $b.
Multiply and Assign (*=)
Multiplies the right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. For example, $a *= $b is equivalent to $a = $a * $b.
Divide and Assign (/=)
Divides the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand. For example, $a /= $b is equivalent to $a = $a / $b.
Modulus and Assign (%=)
Takes modulus using two operands and assigns the result to the left operand. For example, $a %= $b is equivalent to $a = $a % $b.
<?php
$a = 10;
$b = 5;
$a += $b; // $a = 15
$a -= $b; // $a = 10
$a *= $b; // $a = 50
$a /= $b; // $a = 10
$a %= $b; // $a = 0
?>
Console Output:
15
10
50
10
0
Comparison Operators
Equal (==)
Checks if two operands are equal. Returns true if they are equal. For example, $a == $b.
Identical (===)
Checks if two operands are equal and of the same type. Returns true if they are identical. For example, $a === $b.
Not Equal (!=)
Checks if two operands are not equal. Returns true if they are not equal. For example, $a != $b.
Not Identical (!==)
Checks if two operands are not identical. Returns true if they are not identical. For example, $a !== $b.
Greater Than (>)
Checks if the left operand is greater than the right operand. Returns true if it is. For example, $a > $b.
Less Than (<)
Checks if the left operand is less than the right operand. Returns true if it is. For example, $a < $b.
<?php
$a = 10;
$b = 20;
var_dump($a == $b); // bool(false)
var_dump($a === $b); // bool(false)
var_dump($a != $b); // bool(true)
var_dump($a !== $b); // bool(true)
var_dump($a < $b); // bool(true)
var_dump($a > $b); // bool(false)
?>
Console Output:
bool(false)
bool(false)
bool(true)
bool(true)
bool(true)
bool(false)
Logical Operators
And (&&)
Returns true if both operands are true. For example, $a && $b.
Or (||)
Returns true if either of the operands is true. For example, $a || $b.
Not (!)
Returns true if the operand is false. For example, !$a.
And (and)
Returns true if both operands are true. This is a lower precedence version of &&. For example, $a and $b.
Or (or)
Returns true if either of the operands is true. This is a lower precedence version of ||. For example, $a or $b.
Xor (xor)
Returns true if either of the operands is true, but not both. For example, $a xor $b.
<?php
$a = true;
$b = false;
var_dump($a && $b); // bool(false)
var_dump($a || $b); // bool(true)
var_dump(!$a); // bool(false)
var_dump($a and $b); // bool(false)
var_dump($a or $b); // bool(true)
var_dump($a xor $b); // bool(true)
?>
Console Output:
bool(false)
bool(true)
bool(false)
bool(false)
bool(true)
bool(true)
String Operators
Concatenation (.)
Joins two strings together. For example, $a . $b concatenates $a and $b.
Concatenation Assignment (.=)
Appends the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. For example, $a .= $b is equivalent to $a = $a . $b.
<?php
$a = "Hello";
$b = "World";
echo $a . " " . $b; // Outputs: Hello World
$a .= " PHP";
echo $a; // Outputs: Hello PHP
?>
Console Output:
Hello World
Hello PHP
Increment/Decrement Operators
Increment (++)
Increases an integer value by one. For example, ++$a or $a++.
Decrement (--)
Decreases an integer value by one. For example, --$a or $a--.
<?php
$a = 5;
echo ++$a; // Outputs: 6
echo $a++; // Outputs: 6
echo $a; // Outputs: 7
echo --$a; // Outputs: 6
echo $a--; // Outputs: 6
echo $a; // Outputs: 5
?>
Console Output:
6
6
7
6
6
5
Array Operators
Union (+)
Combines two arrays. For example, $a + $b returns the union of $a and $b.
Equality (==)
Checks if two arrays have the same key/value pairs. For example, $a == $b.
Identity (===)
Checks if two arrays have the same key/value pairs in the same order and of the same types. For example, $a === $b.
Inequality (!=)
Checks if two arrays are not equal. For example, $a != $b.
Non-identity (!==)
Checks if two arrays are not identical. For example, $a !== $b.
<?php
$a = array("a" => "red", "b" => "green");
$b = array("c" => "blue", "d" => "yellow");
$c = $a + $b; // Union of $a and $b
var_dump($c);
var_dump($a == $b); // bool(false)
var_dump($a === $b); // bool(false)
var_dump($a != $b); // bool(true)
var_dump($a !== $b); // bool(true)
?>
Console Output:
array(4) { ["a"]=> string(3) "red" ["b"]=> string(5) "green" ["c"]=> string(4) "blue" ["d"]=> string(6) "yellow" }
bool(false)
bool(false)
bool(true)
bool(true)
