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Basic if Statement
Understanding Basic if Statement:
The basic if statement in C++ evaluates a condition. If the condition is true, the code block within the if statement is executed.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int age = 18;
if (age >= 18) {
cout << "You are eligible to vote.";
}
return 0;
}
Console Output:
You are eligible to vote.
if-else Statement
Understanding if-else Statement:
The if-else statement allows you to execute one block of code if the condition is true and another block if it is false.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int number = 10;
if (number % 2 == 0) {
cout << "The number is even.";
} else {
cout << "The number is odd.";
}
return 0;
}
Console Output:
The number is even.
Nested if Statements
Understanding Nested if Statements:
Nested if statements are used when you need to check multiple conditions. An if statement inside another if statement is called nested if.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int number = 15;
if (number > 10) {
if (number < 20) {
cout << "The number is between 10 and 20.";
}
}
return 0;
}
Console Output:
The number is between 10 and 20.
if-else-if Ladder
Understanding if-else-if Ladder:
The if-else-if ladder is used to check multiple conditions. It executes the block of code associated with the first true condition.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int score = 85;
if (score >= 90) {
cout << "Grade A";
} else if (score >= 80) {
cout << "Grade B";
} else if (score >= 70) {
cout << "Grade C";
} else {
cout << "Grade D";
}
return 0;
}
Console Output:
Grade B
Conditional Operator
Understanding Conditional Operator:
The conditional operator (?:) is a shorthand for the if-else statement. It evaluates a condition and returns one of two values.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a = 5, b = 10;
int max = (a > b) ? a : b;
cout << "The maximum value is " << max;
return 0;
}
Console Output:
The maximum value is 10
Switch Statement
Understanding Switch Statement:
The switch statement allows you to execute different parts of code based on the value of a variable or expression. It's an alternative to if-else-if ladders when dealing with multiple conditions.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int day = 3;
switch(day) {
case 1:
cout << "Monday";
break;
case 2:
cout << "Tuesday";
break;
case 3:
cout << "Wednesday";
break;
default:
cout << "Invalid day";
}
return 0;
}
Console Output:
Wednesday
Logical Operators
Understanding Logical Operators:
Logical operators are used to combine multiple conditions in an if statement. The most common logical operators are AND (&&), OR (||), and NOT (!).
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int age = 20;
bool hasID = true;
if (age >= 18 && hasID) {
cout << "You can enter the club.";
} else {
cout << "Access denied.";
}
return 0;
}
Console Output:
You can enter the club.
Comparative Operators
Understanding Comparative Operators:
Comparative operators are used to compare two values. Common operators include less than (<), greater than (>), equal to (==), and not equal to (!=).
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int x = 10, y = 20;
if (x != y) {
cout << "x and y are not equal.";
}
return 0;
}
Console Output:
x and y are not equal.
Combining Conditions
Combining Conditions in if Statements:
You can combine multiple conditions in an if statement using logical operators to create complex decision-making structures.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int age = 25;
bool isStudent = false;
if (age >= 18 && age < 30 || isStudent) {
cout << "Eligible for a discount.";
} else {
cout << "Not eligible for a discount.";
}
return 0;
}
Console Output:
Eligible for a discount.
