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C++ Arithmetic Operators
Addition Operator (+):
The addition operator is used to add two operands. It is a binary operator and is represented by the symbol '+'.
Subtraction Operator (-):
The subtraction operator is used to subtract the right operand from the left operand. It is represented by the symbol '-'.
Multiplication Operator (*):
This operator multiplies two operands. It is represented by the symbol '*'.
Division Operator (/):
The division operator divides the left operand by the right operand. It is represented by the symbol '/'.
Modulus Operator (%):
The modulus operator returns the remainder of a division operation. It is represented by the symbol '%'.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a = 10, b = 20;
cout << "Addition: " << (a + b) << endl;
cout << "Subtraction: " << (a - b) << endl;
cout << "Multiplication: " << (a * b) << endl;
cout << "Division: " << (b / a) << endl;
cout << "Modulus: " << (b % a) << endl;
return 0;
}
Console Output:
Addition: 30 Subtraction: -10 Multiplication: 200 Division: 2 Modulus: 0
C++ Relational Operators
Equal to Operator (==):
This operator checks whether two operands are equal. It returns true if they are, and false otherwise.
Not Equal to Operator (!=):
This operator checks whether two operands are not equal. It returns true if they are not equal, and false otherwise.
Greater than Operator (>):
This operator checks if the left operand is greater than the right operand.
Less than Operator (<):
This operator checks if the left operand is less than the right operand.
Greater than or Equal to Operator (>=):
This operator checks if the left operand is greater than or equal to the right operand.
Less than or Equal to Operator (<=):
This operator checks if the left operand is less than or equal to the right operand.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a = 5, b = 10;
cout << "Equal to: " << (a == b) << endl;
cout << "Not Equal to: " << (a != b) << endl;
cout << "Greater than: " << (a > b) << endl;
cout << "Less than: " << (a < b) << endl;
cout << "Greater than or Equal to: " << (a >= b) << endl;
cout << "Less than or Equal to: " << (a <= b) << endl;
return 0;
}
Console Output:
Equal to: 0 Not Equal to: 1 Greater than: 0 Less than: 1 Greater than or Equal to: 0 Less than or Equal to: 1
C++ Logical Operators
Logical AND Operator (&&):
This operator returns true if both operands are true, otherwise it returns false.
Logical OR Operator (||):
This operator returns true if at least one of the operands is true, otherwise it returns false.
Logical NOT Operator (!):
This operator reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true, it becomes false, and vice versa.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
bool a = true, b = false;
cout << "Logical AND: " << (a && b) << endl;
cout << "Logical OR: " << (a || b) << endl;
cout << "Logical NOT: " << (!a) << endl;
return 0;
}
Console Output:
Logical AND: 0 Logical OR: 1 Logical NOT: 0
C++ Assignment Operators
Assignment Operator (=):
This operator assigns the value on the right to the operand on the left.
Add and Assign Operator (+=):
This operator adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
Subtract and Assign Operator (-=):
This operator subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
Multiply and Assign Operator (*=):
This operator multiplies the right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
Divide and Assign Operator (/=):
This operator divides the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a = 10;
a += 5;
cout << "Add and Assign: " << a << endl;
a -= 3;
cout << "Subtract and Assign: " << a << endl;
a *= 2;
cout << "Multiply and Assign: " << a << endl;
a /= 4;
cout << "Divide and Assign: " << a << endl;
return 0;
}
Console Output:
Add and Assign: 15 Subtract and Assign: 12 Multiply and Assign: 24 Divide and Assign: 6
C++ Increment and Decrement Operators
Increment Operator (++):
This operator increases the value of its operand by 1. It can be used as a prefix or postfix.
Decrement Operator (--):
This operator decreases the value of its operand by 1. It can also be used as a prefix or postfix.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a = 10;
cout << "Initial: " << a << endl;
cout << "Post-increment: " << a++ << endl;
cout << "After Post-increment: " << a << endl;
cout << "Pre-decrement: " << --a << endl;
return 0;
}
Console Output:
Initial: 10 Post-increment: 10 After Post-increment: 11 Pre-decrement: 10
C++ Bitwise Operators
Bitwise AND Operator (&):
This operator performs a bitwise AND operation on two operands.
Bitwise OR Operator (|):
This operator performs a bitwise OR operation on two operands.
Bitwise XOR Operator (^):
This operator performs a bitwise XOR operation on two operands.
Bitwise NOT Operator (~):
This operator inverts all the bits of its operand.
Bitwise Left Shift Operator (<<):
This operator shifts the bits of the left operand to the left by the number of positions specified by the right operand.
Bitwise Right Shift Operator (>>):
This operator shifts the bits of the left operand to the right by the number of positions specified by the right operand.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a = 5, b = 9;
cout << "Bitwise AND: " << (a & b) << endl;
cout << "Bitwise OR: " << (a | b) << endl;
cout << "Bitwise XOR: " << (a ^ b) << endl;
cout << "Bitwise NOT: " << (~a) << endl;
cout << "Left Shift: " << (a << 1) << endl;
cout << "Right Shift: " << (b >> 1) << endl;
return 0;
}
Console Output:
Bitwise AND: 1 Bitwise OR: 13 Bitwise XOR: 12 Bitwise NOT: -6 Left Shift: 10 Right Shift: 4
C++ Conditional Operator
Ternary Operator (?:):
This operator is used to evaluate a condition and return one of two values depending on whether the condition is true or false. It is a shorthand for the if-else statement.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a = 10, b = 20;
int max = (a > b) ? a : b;
cout << "Maximum: " << max << endl;
return 0;
}
Console Output:
Maximum: 20
C++ Comma Operator
Comma Operator (,):
The comma operator is used to separate two or more expressions. The expressions are evaluated from left to right, and the value of the last expression is returned.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a, b;
a = (b = 3, b + 2);
cout << "Value of a: " << a << endl;
return 0;
}
Console Output:
Value of a: 5
C++ Sizeof Operator
Sizeof Operator:
The sizeof operator is used to get the size, in bytes, of a data type or a variable. It helps in determining how much memory a variable occupies.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int a;
cout << "Size of int: " << sizeof(a) << " bytes" << endl;
cout << "Size of double: " << sizeof(double) << " bytes" << endl;
return 0;
}
Console Output:
Size of int: 4 bytes Size of double: 8 bytes
